Definitions:
- Natural Language Processing (NLP): A subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the interaction between computers and humans through natural language. NLP enables computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language, facilitating tasks such as text analysis, sentiment analysis, machine translation, and chatbots. It is a key component of AI and machine learning, with applications in various industries.
- Natural Language Understanding (NLU): A subset of natural language processing (NLP) that deals with machine reading comprehension. NLU aims to enable computers to understand the meaning behind human language, including context, intent, and semantics. It is crucial for applications such as virtual assistants, chatbots, and automated customer service systems.
- Neural Networks: A series of algorithms modelled after the human brain, designed to recognise patterns and make predictions. Neural networks consist of interconnected layers of nodes, or neurons, that process input data through layers of weights and biases. They are a fundamental component of deep learning and are used for tasks such as image recognition, speech recognition, and natural language processing.
- Network Latency: The time delay experienced by data as it travels from one point to another in a network. Network latency is a crucial factor in the performance of digital and cloud computing systems, affecting the responsiveness and efficiency of applications and services. Minimising network latency is essential for real-time applications such as online gaming, video conferencing, and financial trading.
- Network Security: The practices and technologies used to protect the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of data within a network. Network security involves implementing measures such as firewalls, encryption, intrusion detection systems, and secure access controls to prevent unauthorised access, data breaches, and cyber attacks.
- Node.js: A JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine. Node.js allows developers to run JavaScript on the server side, enabling the creation of scalable, high-performance web applications and APIs. It is widely used for building real-time, data-intensive applications and microservices, leveraging its non-blocking, event-driven architecture.
- NoSQL Databases: A type of non-relational database designed to handle large volumes of unstructured or semi-structured data. NoSQL databases are optimised for scalability, performance, and flexibility, making them well-suited for big data applications, real-time analytics, and distributed systems. Examples include MongoDB, Cassandra, and Redis.
- N-Tier Architecture: A software architecture model that separates an application into logical tiers, or layers, each responsible for specific functions. N-tier architecture typically includes a presentation layer, application layer, business logic layer, and data access layer. This approach promotes modularity, scalability, and maintainability in software development, enabling the independent development, testing, and deployment of each tier.
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